📘 Profit and Loss Formulas
| Concept | Formula |
|---|---|
| Cost Price (CP) | The price at which an item is purchased |
| Selling Price (SP) | The price at which an item is sold |
| Profit (Gain) | Profit = SP – CP |
| Loss | Loss = CP – SP |
| Profit % | (Profit / CP) × 100 |
| Loss % | (Loss / CP) × 100 |
| SP (given Profit %) | SP = CP × (100 + Profit%) / 100 |
| SP (given Loss %) | SP = CP × (100 – Loss%) / 100 |
| CP (given Profit %) | CP = SP × 100 / (100 + Profit%) |
| CP (given Loss %) | CP = SP × 100 / (100 – Loss%) |
| Discount | Discount = MP – SP |
| Discount % | (Discount / MP) × 100 |
| SP with Discount | SP = MP × (100 – Discount%) / 100 |
✅ Examples
Profit: CP = ₹100, SP = ₹120 → Profit = ₹20
Profit %: Profit % = (20 / 100) × 100 = 20%
Profit %: Profit % = (20 / 100) × 100 = 20%
Loss: CP = ₹150, SP = ₹130 → Loss = ₹20
Loss %: (20 / 150) × 100 = 13.33%
Loss %: (20 / 150) × 100 = 13.33%
SP (Profit 10%): CP = ₹200 → SP = 200 × 110 / 100 = ₹220
SP (Loss 20%): CP = ₹500 → SP = 500 × 80 / 100 = ₹400
CP (Profit 10%): SP = ₹220 → CP = 220 × 100 / 110 = ₹200
CP (Loss 20%): SP = ₹400 → CP = 400 × 100 / 80 = ₹500
Discount: MP = ₹1000, SP = ₹800 → Discount = ₹200
Discount %: (200 / 1000) × 100 = 20%
Discount %: (200 / 1000) × 100 = 20%